“The beneficial effects of regular physical activity on insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose tolerance are well documented.” That’s the opening statement in a study by a team of physiologists from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center.[1] They demonstrated how endurance training makes positive changes at a genetic level, with high responders showing double the expression in three genes involved in energy metabolism after training.
However, while your athletes might be experiencing such benefits, some could lessen those gains by pounding excessive quantities of high-carb sports drinks, gels, goos and other supplements.